A Rare Cause of Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction

No abstract available.

Cytomegalovirus Induced Interstitial Nephritis and Ureteral Stenosis in Renal Transplant Recipient

No abstract available.

Invasive Aspergillosis Arising from Ureteral Aspergilloma

Ureteral obstruction may develop in immunocompromised patients with an Aspergillus fungal infection. Infections can progress to invasive aspergillosis, which is highly lethal. We report a case of a 56-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver and diabetes. He had ureteral aspergilloma, discovered as a saprophytic whitish mass. It was treated by ureteroscopic removal, however, he refused antifungal treatment. His condition progressed to invasive aspergillosis, and died from sepsis and hepatorenal syndrome.

Transforming growth factor-β1 in congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction: diagnosis and follow-up

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction at diagnosis and during postoperative follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a case-control study including 19 patients with a mean age of 6.7 years and 19 matched controls. All patients presented negative voiding cystourethrography, obstructive diuretic renogram and underwent dismembered pyeloplasty. Urinary TGF-β1 and other markers were measured pre-, intra- and postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean bladder urine TGF-β1 concentration in obstructed patients prior to pyeloplasty was higher than in controls (92.5 pg/mL ± 16.8 vs. 35.8 pg/mL ± 16.2; p = 0.0001). The mean renal pelvic urine TGF-β1 concentration in the hydronephrotic kidney was higher than in the preoperative bladder urine sample (122.3 pg/mL ± 43.9 vs. 92.5 pg/mL ± 16.8; p = 0.036). Postoperative mean TGF-β1 concentration was significantly lower than preoperative TGF-β1 (48.7 pg/mL ± 13.1 vs. 92.5 pg/mL ± 16.8; p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: TGF-β1 is a cytokine leading to renal fibrosis. The measurement of urinary TGF-β1 could become a useful tool for the diagnosis of obstructive hydronephrosis and the evaluation of the parenchyma function status, pre and postoperatively.

Renocolic Fistula Secondary to a Perinephric Abscess: A Late Complication of a Forgotten Double J Stent

Late complications of ureteral stents are frequent, and longer indwelling times are associated with an increased frequency of complications. Although there are reports of various complications of long-term indwelling ureteral stents, a renocolic fistula secondary to a perinephric abscess resulting from an indwelling ureteral stent has not been reported. Here, we present a fatal case of a renocolic fistula secondary to a perinephric abscess caused by an encrusted forgotten double J stent in a functionally solitary kidney.

Laparoscopic pyeloplasty: the retroperitoneal approach is suitable for establishing a de novo practice.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty has become the "gold-standard" procedure for pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction but consists of a steep learning curve especially via the retroperitoneal route. AIMS: To examine the feasibility and safety of introducing this technique via the retroperitoneal approach to a laparoscopic naïve center. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A retrospective data analysis of a single surgeon's (NEO) series from a large UK teaching hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The notes and imaging of all patients who underwent pyeloplasty for PUJ obstruction by NEO during a five-year period were reviewed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Parametric and nonparametric data are presented analyzed with Excel XP (Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA). RESULTS: Our series consists of 67 patients. Three ports were used in 47/57 (82%), and the antegrade technique for stent insertion was utilized in 41/67 (61%). Median time to drink, eat, and mobilize was one day (range one to two), and to discharge three days (range three to four). Two patients required conversion to an open procedure, and two developed intraoperative complications. Postoperative complications at 30 (three major, seven minor) and 90 days (three major, three minor) are presented. With median follow-up of 15 months 61/65 (94%) patients were unobstructed, and 57/63 (90%) of patients were pain-free. Two patients re-obstructed requiring further surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of our series of patients illustrates that adopting a policy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyeloplasty for primary PUJ obstruction is feasible without compromising patient safety or functional results. There is no need to breach the peritoneum to facilitate the learning curve.

Unenhanced CT scanning in acute flank pain: value of secondary signs of ureteral obstruction

To determine the value of secondary signs of ureteral obstruction on helical unenhanced CT in diagnosing or excluding ureteral stone disease. Over a period of 15 months, we prospectively analysed the CT scans of 283 patients with acute flank pain for the presence of ureteral stones and associated signs of ureteral obstruction. 105 patients had no confirmatory imaging studies or surgery and were unable to be contacted for follow up .These were excluded from the study. In the remaining 178 patients confirmatory data were availabe and thus were included in the study. Ureteral stone disease was confirmed to be present in 114 patients and absent in 64 patients. For each patient, we determined the presence or absence of ureteral stone, ureteral or collecting system dilatation, perinephric stranding, and renal parenchymal thickening. We also noted the presence or absence of the [" tissue rim" sign] surrounding ureteral stones and extraurinary calcifications. Hydroureter was the sign with the highest sensitivity [92%] and highest specificity [92%], While hydroureter had the highest specificity [95%] and highest PPV [97%]. The combination of unilateral hydroureter and unilateral perinephric stranding had both the highest PPV [98%] and NPV [91%] compared with any individual sign alone. The tissue rim sign was present in [57%] of urteral stones and in none of the extraurinary calcifications. In patients having acute flank pain with suspected ureteral stone disease imaged with unenhanced CT, secondary signs including hydroureter, hydronephrosis, perinephric fat stranding, and renal parenchymal thickening are very common and provides supportive evidence that an acute obstructive process is present and that the urinary tract is likely responsible for the patients' complaints even when the ureteral stone itself could not be identified on CT

Percutaneous Management of Ureteral Injuries that are Diagnosed Late After Cesarean Section

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to present the results of percutaneous management of ureteral injuries that were diagnosed late after cesarean sections (CS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-two cases with 24 ureteral injuries that were diagnosed late after CS underwent percutaneous nephrostomy (PN), antegrade double J (DJ) catheter placement and balloon dilatation or a combination of these. The time for making the diagnosis was 21 +/- 50.1 days. The injury site was the distal ureter in all cases (the left ureter: 13, the right ureter: 7 and bilateral: 2). Fifteen complete ureteral obstructions were detected in 13 cases. Ureteral leakage due to partial (n = 4) or complete (n = 3) rupture was noted in seven cases. Two cases had ureterovaginal fistula. All the cases were initially confirmed with antegrade pyelography and afterwards they underwent percutaneous nephrostomy. Balloon dilatation was needed in three cases. Antegrade DJ stents were placed in 10 cases, including the three cases with balloon dilatation. Repetititon of percutaneous nephrostomy with balloon dilatation and DJ stent placement was needed in one case with complete obstruction. All the cases were followed-up with US in their first week and then monthly thereafter for up to two years. RESULTS: Eighteen ureters (75%) were managed by percutaneous procedures alone. A total of six ureter injuries had to undergo surgery (25%). CONCLUSION: Percutaneous management is a good alternative for the treatment of post-CS ureteral injuries that are diagnosed late after CS. Percutaneous management is at least preparatory for a quarter of the cases where surgery is unavoidable.

Acute renal insufficiency after radiofrequency of renal tumor

Recent advances in techniques of imaging and ablation have led to the application of several minimally invasive modalities, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with a success rate varying from 79 to 96 percent and a serious complication rate of 1 to 4 percent in the treatment of small renal tumors. The authors report on the case of a 67-year-old patient with a radiofrequency ablation complication, stenosis of the ureteropelvic junction in one kidney, and analyze the results of this modality for the treatment of renal tumors.

Endometriosis ureteral: presentación de un caso / Ureteral endometriosis: presentation of a case

Se presenta un raro caso de Endometriosis del 1/3 inferior del uréter derecho con repercusión sobre tractus urinario superior y cuya sintomatología no fue predominantemente la hematuria en la etapa menstrual, como se describe en la literatura. La endometriosis fue un descubrimiento anatomopatológico.En la revisión de la literatura no se describe ningún caso reportado con estas características...

Importancia de la citoscopía para asegurar la indemnidad de los uréteres después de cirugía vaginal / The importance of cistoscopy to assure the ureteral indemnity after vaginal surgery

Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de obstrucción ureteral como complicación de la histerectomía vaginal (HV) o laparoscópica asistida vaginal (HLAV) con culdoplastía de McCall. Evaluar la factibilidad, seguridad y eficacia de la prueba con índigo carmín y de la cistoscopia intraoperatoria de rutina, para determinar la indemnidad ureteral. Método: Estudio prospectivo de 56 pacientes sometidas a HV o HLAV con culdoplastía de McCall, entre enero de 2003 y mayo de 2006, en la Unidad de Ginecología del Departamento de Ginecología y Obstetricia de Clínica Las Condes. La media de edad fue 48 años (rango: 38 a 74), IMC 25 (rango: 21 a 34), paridad 2 (rango: 0 a 3 partos). Se consideró prueba positiva de indemnidad ureteral a la salida del colorante a vejiga por ambos meatos. Resultados: Sólo 1 (1,8 por ciento) de las 56 pacientes registró una obstrucción ureteral (uréter derecho). Se reposicionaron los puntos constatándose la segunda prueba con índigo carmín positiva, verificando indemnidad ureteral. Conclusión: La prueba de índigo carmín con visualización cistoscópica intraoperatoria, es un método factible, seguro y eficaz, para determinar la indemnidad ureteral. En todas aquellas cirugías ginecológicas con alto riesgo de obstrucción ureteral, la cistoscopia intraoperatoria con prueba de índigo carmín negativa, permite realizar una solución rápida y fácil durante el mismo tiempo operatorio, evitando una posible pérdida renal.

Objective: To determine the frequency of ureteral obstruction like complication of the vaginal hysterectomy (VH) or laparoscopic attended vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) with McCall's culdoplasty. To determine the feasibility, security and effectiveness of the indigo carmine test observed by routine intraoperative cistoscopy to identify the ureteral indemnity. Method: Prospective study of 56 patients submissive VH or LAVH with McCall's culdoplasty between January 2003 and May 2006, in the Unit of Gynecology of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Clínica Las Condes. The median age was 48 years old (rank: 38 to 74), BMI 25 (rank: 21 to 34), parity 2 (rank: 0 to 3). Positive test of ureteral indemnity was defined as the exit of blue coloration by both ureteral meatus. Results: Only 1 (1.8 percent) of the 56 patients registered a ureteral obstruction (right ureter). The McCall sutures were replaced being stated the second indigo carmine test positive verifying ureteral indemnity. Conclusions: The indigo carmine test observed by cistoscopy is a feasible, safe and effective method to determine the ureteral indemnity. In all those gynecological surgeries with a high risk of ureteral obstruction, the intraoperative cistoscopy with negative indigo carmine test allows a fast and easy solution during the same operating time, avoiding a possible kidney loss.

[Congenital obstructive anomalies of anterior urethra; diagnostic methods]

Radiological findings of ten patients with congenital obstructive anomalies of anterior urethra [eight cases with saccular diverticula, one case with globular dilatation of entire urethra, and one case with globular dilatation of distal urethra] showed that the VCUG and retrograde urethrography were diagnostic in all of patients

Obstructive uropathy in childhood : a Review

Background: Obstructive uropathy is any affection of the urinary tract characterized by impairment of urine flow through the tract and which; if left untreated; will cause progressive renal damage.Aim: To present an update on obstructive uropathy in children with emphasis on the situation in Nigeria.Methods: Contemporary information on the management of obstructive uropathy was obtained by searching the Medline and adding information from the authors' experience.Results: Obstructive uropathy causes renal impairment in all age groups. The causes in children may be congenital or acquired. The congenital causes include pelvi-ureteric junction obstructions; posterior urethral valves (PUV); urethral atresia; phimosis and meatal stenosis. Associated anomalies include imperforate anus and ver tebral malformations. Acquired causes include calculi; post-traumatic and post-inflammatory strictures and meatal stenosis. Some specific manifestationsare prune-belly syndrome; hydronephrosis and renal failure. Diagnostic investigations include ultrasonog raphy; intravenous urog raphy; cystography and renography. Recent technological advances have impacted on the treatment of the different lesions. These include in utero vesico- amniotic shunt and endoscopic valve ablation for PUV and minimally invasive techniques for urolithiasis. Nephrectomy may be indicated in a unilateral damaged kidney. Not all lesions require treatment. Criteria to select patients for treatment require definition. Occasionally treatment fails because of pretreatment irreversible renal damage. The resulting end-stage renal failure is an indication for renal transplantation.Conclusion: Obstructive uropathy is an important cause of renal impairment. Contemporary advances in the management are yet to become available in developing countries. Compromise treatment options therefore prevail. Adequate treatment is essential to prevent end-stage renal failure

Ureter retrocava: relato de caso / Retrocaval ureter: a case report

Relata-se o caso de um paciente com ureter retrocava, diagnosticado inicialmente em exame de urografia excretora e confirmado com tomografia computadorizada do abdome. A tomografia computadorizada torna-se necessária não apenas para confirmar a posição do ureter em relação à veiacava inferior, como também para excluir outras doenças que cursam com hidronefrose, pois hidronefrose é o principal achado do ureter retrocava sintomático.

The authors report a case of a patient with retrocaval ureter found out in an excretory urography and confirmed with abdominal computerized tomography. The computerized tomography is necessary to confirm the position of the ureter and to exclude other diseaseswhich are associated with hydronefrosis, the main imaging finding,when there is a symptomatic retrocaval ureter.

Definição do nível da junção ureterovesical pela tomografia computadorizada / Definition of ureterovesical junction level by computed tomography

OBJETIVO: Definir o nível da implantação ureteral na bexiga através da tomografia computadorizada. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Através de tomografia computadorizada da pelve com contraste endovenoso de 46 pacientes (31 homens e 15 mulheres) com idade entre 18 e 45 anos, com pelo menos um dos ureteres contrastado pelo contraste excretado, medimos as distâncias do meato ureteral até o teto acetabular e a borda superior da sínfise púbica, além do volume da bexiga. Utilizamos o teste t de Student para avaliar se houve diferenças estatísticas entre grupos. RESULTADOS: O nível da implantação ureteral na bexiga foi, em média, 10,6 ± 8,1 mm abaixo do teto acetabular e, em média, 29,7 ± 9,5 mm acima da borda superior da sínfise púbica. Nos pacientes com volume de repleção vesical menor que 200 ml e maior ou igual a 200 ml os níveis da implantação ureteral na bexiga foram, em média, 11,6 ± 7,3 mm e 10,2 ± 8,4 mm abaixo do teto acetabular (p = 0,61) e, em média, 28,3 ± 7,3 mm e 30,3 ± 10,2 mm acima da borda superior da sínfise púbica (p = 0,52), respectivamente, e nos pacientes do sexo masculino e feminino foram, em média, 11,8 ± 8,0 mm e 8,3 ± 8,0 mm abaixo do teto acetabular (p = 0,17) e, em média, 27,7 ± 9,2 mm e 33,9 ± 8,8 mm acima da borda superior da sínfise púbica (p = 0,34), respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Calcificações localizadas abaixo de 3 cm do teto acetabular e abaixo de 1,5 cm acima da borda superior da sínfise púbica provavelmente não representam cálculos ureterais. O grau de repleção vesical e o sexo não interferem significativamente na posição do meato ureteral.

Eggshell calcification of kidney in ureteropelvic junction obstruction

Eggshell calcification of kidney in case of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is an uncommon finding with only a few cases reported in literature. We report a thirty-year-old symptomatic man with curvilinear calcification in hydronephrotic right kidney. Thorough investigations to rule out genitourinary tuberculosis and hydatid disease of kidney were performed prior to the definitive management by laparoscopic approach.

Dietl's crisis: an under-recognized clinical entity in the pediatric population

OBJECTIVE: To characterize and determine whether patients with recurrent abdominal symptoms and associated ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) (Dietl's crisis) are effectively treated by pyeloplasty and to determine criteria for evaluating UPJO in childhood abdominal pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review from 1998 to 2001 was performed to identify patients with Dietl's crisis and associated UPJO. Chart review included presenting symptoms, location of lesion, condition of the affected renal unit, referral method, and surgery success. RESULTS: Eight patients (7 male and 1 female) were identified with Dietl's crisis. All eight were initially misdiagnosed and spent at least a year with significant pain symptoms before being properly diagnosed. Only one patient had associated urologic complaints. Renal scan split functions of the affected renal unit ranged from 34 percent to 51 percent. One nephrectomy and seven pyeloplasties were performed and resolution of all patients' abdominal symptoms, including pain, resolved. CONCLUSIONS: Children with Dietl's crisis often suffer a delay in diagnosis; the clinical entity appears to be under-diagnosed. Renal parenchyma is typically preserved, and there is a paucity of associated urologic complaints. Once properly diagnosed, patients are well served by a pyeloplasty. Children with periumbilical pain and vomiting, particularly males, would benefit from ultrasound imaging.